The Telescope :: physics science space telescope

There is a beckoning about spacean indefinable move in towards its airless environment. While I share a childlike excitement of zero gravity far off planets, I dont stomach myself in heavenly dreaming. Infact, what is much my fascination, is the technology that allows children to have their dreams, that allow them to grow up and actually touch the stars And thus, I put forward for your enjoyment and enlightenment, a detail and profile of the most landmark instrument ever created for observation of the starsTwo pieces of glass (three at most) are used to either refract or reflect light emitted by a far off source. Radio telescopes are similar (though will not be addressed here) in that they have energy signals from far off sources.People commit hundreds of hours of their lives, willingly, to a continuous myopic view of the universe, generally very alone atop some privy high mountain like a Buddhist monk. What do the efforts of these researchers matter to us? Wouldnt their time be better spent raising their children or alter to their community? But these researchers do matter and their efforts are fruitful. What these martyrs of loneliness are providing is a biopic view for the rest of humanity. They are providing a complete and ever expanding protrude of our place in the solar systeman account of the space in which we live.Space is the substance of metaphysical conjecture and childhood visions. It is, to borrow famous words, the nett frontier Profound landmark discoveries have shaped our interpretation of our manner of habitation and altered our ways of living to live in a cleaner, more humble, relationship with the substantive universe around us.These researchers have studied the births and deaths of stars, the motions of planets and space bodies, the unbelievable natural phenomena of the heavens that, in their spectacular magnitude and power, seem to ferment our universe back down to where is feels more real.We can only take in the reaches of space on e eye at a time, but minuscule by little, but picture becomes clearer. PoliticsThe early 1600 were a time of church building authority and undisputable tradition. Such were these high emotions that in 1616, an edict was olden prohibiting support of the Copernican thought of a heliocentric system. At the slightest suggestion of any thought other than the earth being the center of the universe and the church would actively rise against the authors of those notions.

Marijuana Use: An Ethical Examination Essay -- legalization of marijuan

Works Cited Missing Instead of addressing the tiresome argument about whether or not marijuana should be legalized in the United States, I would same(p) to realise a much more fundamental question whether or not it is right to economic consumption the drug. This problem is strictly an ethical one. If we are to examine only the moral implications of the action then we must discard governmental laws from the equation, for this decision could be made anywhere, at any time, under any furcate of governmental regime, under any set of laws, which after all are only that particular governments best guess at theology and whos to say their judgment is any better than yours? Knowing that this decision is a rather daunting one, Ive enlisted the help of three friends, Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, and John Stuart Mill, to embolden in the decision making process. It just so happens that they are experts in the field of morality. Aristotle is an ancient Greek philosopher, really the first philosopher to use the word ethics. His major book on ethics is titled Nicomachean Ethics (Bostock 1). In order to understand Nicomachean Ethics and apply it, we must first understand how Aristotle viewed the humanity. Aristotle sees the world in terms of ends, purposes, and functions. In nature, the end of the acorn is to become an oak tree. In human affairs, the end of architecture is to produce buildings of shipbuilding, to produce ships of medicine, to promote health. Humans as well experience a function, an ultimate end this Aristotle calls eudaimonia. The traditional translation is happiness, but this translation is misleading. To put it most aptly eudaimonia connotes overall success and prosperity and achievement, though it also connotes something that we may call... ... the world would most likely be made up of people enjoying pleasure, something that can not really be considered baneful. many a(prenominal) would argue that the world would be full of d rug addicts, but this is not the world that we have set up. According to our perceived duty, all must use marijuana in moderation, and to use it to excess would be just as offensive to the duty as would be not using it at all. We have now heard from three very distinguished Moral philosophers, and all have said that moderate use of marijuana is not a bad thing, one even calling it our duty. The most common type of actual moral reasoning is a loose combination or confusion of methods (Sweet 4). So, if we intermingle all that we have heard, the only conclusion that can be drawn is that the use of marijuana, as a bodily pleasure, is morally justifiable, probably more so than not using the drug.

Beowulf: Christian Vs Pagan Influence Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essays

The European epical, Beowulf, was written sometime in the eighth century in England. This time period provides us with an idea for the mixture of Christian and irreligious elements because of an English society that was in the process of converting from Paganism to Christianity. Examples of Pagan and Christian traditions are presented all throughout literature. Many of the influences deal with what it going on in the world, when the piece is written. When Beowulf was written, St. Augustine had just come over to try and convert the Anglo-Saxon passel to Christianity although the conversion succeeded it was a shallow conversion, and there were comfort people adjacent the Pagan ways. The fact that Christianity and Paganism are so closely combined in the epic explains the reasons for Beowulfs Christian and pagan influences. Blending in among Beowulfs triumphs against the terzetto key creatures, we also see Christian virtues being instilled upon the listeners. The good qualities of loyalty, humility, sacrifice for the good of others, and sympathy for those less fortunate are seen woven into the text as well as the negative consequences from greed and pride. In a thorough analysis of Beowulf, the Christian and pagan elements, represented in the characters and their journeys through various countries, creates an epic adventure filled with superhuman qualities and Christian ideals that often parallel themselves to biblical characters and events. The pagan elements of the epic are evident in a couple of the characters superhuman qualities during the first two parts of the poem. Beowulf is seen as a superhero and takes it upon himself to use his strength to defeat Grendel and save the Danes from the turmoil that has haunted them for the past... ...and his mother, despite being non-human. The author of Beowulf was extremely effective in combining pagan and Christian ideas in the poem. The ability and technique of combining two different elements into his characte rs makes the epic interesting to read. In conflate Christian and pagan ideas, the eighth century author was able to dramatically enhance the characters with Christian values and pagan ideals. Although the pagan elements greatly influenced the story, the addition of Christian influences and parallels to the Bible make this European epic famous for the adventures, conflicts, and heroism that take place in a time of religious transition. Today, one can still see the Pagan influences in common life. Each time Beowulf succeeded he related it to either Paganism or Christianity. Whether it is one God, or many Gods, the people all had their common belief system.

The Awakening Essay -- Kate Chopin essays research papers

The Awakening is a story full of symbolism and imagery that can cod many different meanings to the many who have rake it. I have read several different theories on Kate Chopins meaning and though some are vastly different, they all seem to make sense. It has been tell that Kate Chopin might have been ambiguous just for this reason. At some point, almost everyone struggles with knowing or not knowing their purpose in life, and in that respectfore it seems, that on some level, most who read the story about Edna Pontellier can relate to her in some way. I believe that those who have theorized about this story, have do so based upon their own struggles with the same issue. To me, life is all about self discovery and what one does upon their self discovery. Each time that I read this story, I can feel the pain and the turmoil that Edna experiences before and after her awakening. The ocean is the center and foundation of this story. The ocean is also part of the scenery and the backg round, without the ocean, there would be no story. Not only is the ocean the center and the foundation, it is also a symbol of many things in this story. To me, the ocean in this story takes on human characteristics in that to me, it symbolizes a seducer or seductress. The ocean also becomes an escape from reality and symbolizes life itself. The ocean is important because it is what helps bring Edna into her awakening and that is good, in the sense that it helps Edna into finding herself. However, the ocean is evil in that it is responsible for Ednas demise. I believe that in the beginning of this story, Edna has not yet discovered who she is or what she really wants out of life. Edna has come to the Grand Isle as a dutiful wife and bring forth who grew up in an oppressive, unloving and un-nurturing home without her mother. Ednas marriage is not a loving one, neither she, nor her husband have an emotional connection to each other. Edna goes about her life as a mother and wife in a mechanical fashion, she doesnt have the mind for it and its obvious that her current position where she wants to be although at first she doesnt see it yet. Edna most likely has never experienced any sort of love or connection with anyone. She doesnt seem to think very super about her husband, father, or sisters. Her love for her children is flighty at best. Its as if shes been locked in a cage m... ...is tragic to me that Edna had to choose suicide however, I dont see Edna as a failure for what she did. I think that Edna was a woman who was ahead of her time, just as some have said Kate Chopin was ahead of hers. The ocean in this story also symbolized life for Edna. Tragically, Edna was not ever afforded the tools necessary to deal with her awakening. Edna was love starved due to her elevation and her marriage, which made it impossible for her to live life as a lonely nonconformist as Madame Reisz had done. Edna was also born into a society where women were not loud to be anyth ing but mothers and wives, which are positions that Edna was intended for. At first, Edna feared the ocean and life as an individual, then she is awakened sexually, spiritually, creatively, and emotionally and throws herself into her discoveries, and she learns to swim in the ocean and the unemployed in her life seems to be filled. However, Edna sees terror and death while swimming and begins to feel the terrors of isolation as she casts off her facade. Edna begins to struggle and fight lifes currents, getting caught within the tumult, she becomes exhausted with it all until she can no longer stay afloat.

Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre - Jane Eyre and I :: Jane Eyre Essays

Jane Eyre and I         For me reading Jane Eyre was no mere intellectual exercise it was an get it on which served to reflect a mirror-image of what I am. Janes rainbows and cobwebs are mine we are one. I think that she would be as engrossed in reading an account of my aliveness as I was in reading hers. I see her reading Ruth Rosen on a stormy night, covers up to her chin, with candlelight flickering and current of air whistling across the heath. I read hers tucked into bed, as wind rattled the windows and bellowed through the caverns of Trump Village. Every page of Jane Eyre seemed to uncover a nonher relation between us. One passage was particularly meaningful to me because I found it to be a melding of several characteristics No reflection was to be allowed now not one glance was to be cast back not even one forward. Not one thought was to be given either to the ancient or future. The first was a page so heavenly sweet--so deadly sad--that to read one line of it would dissolve my courage and break down my efficacy (p. 323). Here we see Jane as romantic, moral, passionate, vulnerable and highly principled.       My past grinds at my guts, but I realize now that I couldnt have done differently taking into account my romantic and moral inclinations, my passions, my vulnerability and high principles. Jane was tormented by her choices for the same reasons. Jacques Brel said, Perhaps we feel too much and maybe thats the crime, maybe we pray too much and there isnt any shrine... But thats cynical, and defensive and incurable romantics like Jane and me would argue vehemently with Mr. Brels lyric. To me (and probably to Jane) without passion and the Quest, life is a living death without the willingness to do, to try and perhaps, to fail, we are automatons.       Philosophers and psychologists tell us that we do what we do because of what we are. As kindred spirits, Jane and I would f ind ourselves in emotional and ethical quandaries and flight would be the only choice. It is a flight fueled by principles.       Flight was Janes only alternative when St. John Rivers proposed. He didnt seek marriage on the basis of love, but as a device to woo her into becoming a fellow-missionary. She was appalled by this bloodless, lifeless request.

Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre - Jane Eyre and I :: Jane Eyre Essays

Jane Eyre and I         For me reading Jane Eyre was no mere intellectual exercise it was an experience which served to reflect a mirror-image of what I am. Janes rainbows and cobwebs are mine we are one. I think that she would be as engrossed in reading an distinguish of my life as I was in reading hers. I count her reading Ruth Rosen on a stormy night, covers up to her chin, with candlelight flickering and wind whistling crosswise the heath. I read hers tucked into bed, as wind rattled the windows and bellowed through the caverns of Trump Village. Every page of Jane Eyre seemed to uncover another similarity between us. 1 passage was particularly meaningful to me because I found it to be a melding of several characteristics No reflection was to be allowed now not one see was to be cast back not even one forward. Not one thought was to be given either to the past or future. The scratch was a page so heavenly sweet--so deadly sad--that to read on e line of it would dissolve my courage and break down my energy (p. 323). Here we see Jane as romantic, moral, passionate, vulnerable and highly principled.       My past grinds at my guts, notwithstanding I realize now that I couldnt have done otherwise taking into account my romantic and moral inclinations, my passions, my vulnerability and high principles. Jane was tormented by her choices for the same reasons. Jacques Brel said, Perhaps we feel withal much and maybe thats the crime, perhaps we pray too much and there isnt any shrine... But thats cynical, and defensive and incurable romantics like Jane and me would argue vehemently with Mr. Brels lyric. To me (and probably to Jane) without passion and the Quest, life is a living last without the willingness to do, to try and perhaps, to fail, we are automatons.       Philosophers and psychologists tell us that we do what we do because of what we are. As kindred spirits, Jane and I would find ourselves in emotional and ethical quandaries and flight would be the only choice. It is a flight fueled by principles.       Flight was Janes only alternative when St. John Rivers proposed. He didnt seek marriage on the basis of love, but as a device to woo her into becoming a fellow-missionary. She was appalled by this bloodless, lifeless request.

The Welfare State

HISTORY OF THE WELFARE STATE The role and significance of the Beveridge Report in establishing the Welfare extract in Britain. The purpose of this essay is to look at the long history of the Welfare State in Britain and the evolving social, economic and political changes in society today, as well as the birth of the Welfare State after the Second World War which was the turning point (watershed) in British History.The freshly appoint Labour government by then took on the job of setting up a welfare state that would systematically deal with the vanadium colossus evils proposed by William Beveridge in a handle, which later became known as the Beveridge incubate. The British welfare state, if it is to be defined, it is generally incorporated with Sir William Beveridge and the after war period.Welfare State is the plan in which government plays a key role in protecting and promoting the economic and social well-being of its citizens, based on the principles of equal opportunity in the distribution of wealth and public responsibility for those who lack the minimal plannings for a good life, for example good health, education and basic income (Abercrombie and Warde 2000). Is it the responsibility of a government to provide for its citizen, what about the cost, because it can lead to ever-increasing public spending that the government may find difficult to sustain.According to Abercrombie and Warde (2000) the term welfare state was invented, undermentioned the Second World War when Social policy was developing. During the Second World War, the coalition government headed by Winston Churchill, the conservative party torch bearer on purpose planned the creation of a better Britain than the one in which many people put on lived in the destitution-stricken 1930s.Plans were drafted and policies were generated which were to ensure that, in peacetime, there would be a family domiciliate system, good health tending for all, more jobs will be made available as w ell as creating new towns and comely housing (Walsh et al, 2000). However, in 1941, during the Second World War, Sir William Beveridge was given up a task by Winston Churchill (wartime prime minister of the coalition government) to head an interdepartmental committee of courteous servants in an nvestigation and evaluate the national insurance policies as well as suggestions of ways to improve them (Addison, 2005). But, according to Walsh et al (2000) Beveridge went further than the original terms of references given him. In the final statement know as the Beveridge report ( ), it was introduced by its architect, Sir William Beveridge, to the British parliament in 1942. Throughout this report, Beveridge kept mentioning the abolition of want which was believed to be the major problem at the time.He predicted major reforms in health, housing, and education because the policies needed to attack the five giant evils were set out in detail in his report. The five giant evils were want, disease, ignorance, idleness and squalor by which he meant poverty, unemployment, poor housing and lack of access to decent education and health care. This report was extremist and became popular partly because of its promise of social aegis for all, and partly because it brings to mind the vision of the peacetime life promised by Winston Churchill at that time for which million were longing (Abercrombie and Warde 2000).Winston Churchill was non happy because the Beveridge report brought up issues which distracted peoples attention from the Second World War as well as threatening to let on controversy betwixt the coalition governments. He also disapproved of the Beveridge report on the ground that no government could commit in advance the expenditure involved, thus, confusions surrounded by the Conservative and the Labour members and this affected his election champagne during the post war (Addison, 2005).William Beveridge recommendations based on social survey, were designed to tackle poverty primarily done the development of a national social security system, providing income security from the cradle to the grave( life -long) that will for the first time allowed the British people to have real income security that would be available to everyone regardless of means testing.As much as the five giant differs from each other, there is a connection between the five of them, for example, unemployment in society causes people to lack financially and this can lead to lack of good medical care, want, poor housing and etc. The v giant evils Want, essentially this refers to poverty or lack, during the post war a lot of the British people were in need, they had no basic financial support and health care to keep them alive as well as keeping them above the poverty line by which income does not cover necessities.Due to lack of financial support people could not afford education and this resulted in lack of knowledge which is referred to as Ignorance, this was due to poor education. To make matter lash there was no national health care because, this had to be paid for, but there was no money and medical care was not stop and this led to the outbreak of many diseases such as cholera, this was also linked to want, no money no medical care.Nevertheless, there were hospitals and only the rich in society could afford medical treatment, however, today the welfare state had made medical treatment available for all regardless of employment status. People were surviving in slums because there was poor housing and this was referred to as squalors, there is no difference today even though the welfare state has made provision for housing and some of these raises have been turned into slums by their occupant.Occupant of these houses dont care to keep these houses clean because it cost them nothing, this giant is called Squalor, it is still with us today. The imprint giant was referred to as Idleness, this was due to the hangover from depressions fr om the time of unemployment, today some people have chosen to stay idle, because the state will feed and house them. As much as the welfare state is good, the Victorian workhouses would have been helpful in dealing with idleness in society, because one would need to work at the workhouse in order to get help from the state.The Beveridge report was an important document because it set out detailed policies for the attack needed to destroy the five giant evils, though the five giant evils were not destroyed completely, however, the Beveridge report left a legacy, the NHS and now there is nothing like absolute poverty in Britain as compare to the years before the Second World War when people use to actually sleep in slum, therefore the Beveridge report was a blueprint on which the welfare state was emerged because it helped shape Britains social policies. (Naidoo and Wills, 2008). The publication of the Beveridge report was a great success.Majority of the British public welcomed the re ports finding and wished to see them implemented as quickly as possible according to an opinion poll (national archives, 2003). This shows the extent to which the population had shifted to the left filename extension (representing the Labour party) during the course of the Second World War. The post war election, in June 1945 resulted in a landslide victory for the Labour Party led by Clement Attlee , who promised in their election campaign that they will tackle Beveridges five giant evils and established New Jerusalem which was reluctantly rejected by Winston Churchill.To implement the Beveridges report, the Labour party attacked the five giant evil by passing legislations, though they were not completely destroyed, however, one of the giant called disease, the most(prenominal) famous tackled by the Labour government left the state with a legacy, the 1946 National health Service Act which meant free accessible health care system for all beginning in 1948, though it was hugely ex pensive. In 1946 the national insurance act was passed to tackled the giant called want fashioning provisions for the unemployed and pregnant women, pension for the retired and etc.The education Act 1944, a conservative idea to tackle ignorance so education was made free, the school leaving age was go to 16 years previously 15. In 1947 Labour passed the education act into law. In 1948 the employment and training act was passed to tackle both ignorance and idleness making provision for school leavers , demobbed service men to train and established a skilled workforce. In addition, council house buildings and full employment was made possible by a better economy after the war. The five giants were tackled, but were not destroyed, because poverty has always lived with society.Comparably, there is nothing like absolute poverty in Britain today unlike before the welfare state when people had to make their homes in slums. Welfare states vary temporally as well as geographically. bid ti me welfare states do not stand still. Their evolution depends on choices made within restrictions (Powell, 1999). According to Marx (1999) welfare states make their own histories, but not within circumstances of their own choosing (cited in Powell, 1999). Today, the recommendations and policies that were detailed in the Beveridge eport to tackle poverty primarily through the development of a national social security system are still considered to provide the foundation of the modern welfare state References Lambert, T (2010). A Brief History of Poverty online. Available from http//www. localhistories. org/povhist. html. Accessed on 25th January 2011 National Archive (2003). The Welfare State online. Available from http//www. nationalarchives. gov. uk/pathways/citizenship/brave_new_world/welfare. htm. Accessed on 30th January 2011 Addison, P. 2005) Churchill The Unexpected Hero. New York Oxford University Press. Abercrombie, N. And Warde, A. (2000) Contemporary British Society. Third Edition. Cambridge Polity Press. Naidoo, J. and Wills, J. (2008) Health Studies An Introduction. Second Edition. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. Lowe, R. (1999) The Welfare State In Britain Since 1945. Second Edition. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. Powell, M. (1999) New Labour, New Welfare State? Bristol Policy Press. Osborne, R. and Loon, B. V. (2004) Introducing Sociology. Cambridge Icon Books Limited.

Great White Shark

The broad color shark, Carcharodon carcharias, also know as the spacious white, white pointer, white shark, or white death, is a species of sprightlinesssize lamniform shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans. The great white shark is mainly known for its size, with the largest individuals known to have approached or exceeded in length, and in weight. This shark reaches its maturity around 15 years of age and can have a life span of over 30 years. The great white shark is arguably the worlds largest known extant macropredatory fish, and is one of the primary predators of marine mammals.It is also known to give upon a variety of other marine animals, including fish and seabirds. It is the only known surviving species of its genus Carcharodon, and is ranked first in having the most attacks on humans. The IUCN list the great white shark as a vulnerable species, while it is included in Appendix II of CITES. The bestselling novel Jaws by Peter B enchley and the subsequent megahit film by Steven Spielberg depicted the great white shark as a ferocious man eater. In reality, humans are non the preferred prey of the great white shark.Taxonomy In 1758, Carolus Linnaeus gave the great white shark its first scientific name, Squalus carcharias. Later, Sir Andrew Smith gave it Carcharodon as its generic name in 1833, and also in 1873. The generic name was identified with Linnaeus specific name and the current scientific name Carcharodon carcharias, was finalised. Carcharodon comes from the Grecian words karcharos, which means sharp or jagged, and odous, which means tooth. Ancestry and fossil record The great white shark came into existence during the mid-Miocene epoch.The earliest known fossils of the great white shark are about 16 million years old. However, the phylogeny of the great white is still in dispute. The original hypothesis for the great whites origins is that it shares a common ancestor with a prehistoric shark, such as the C. megalodon. Similarities among the physical remains and the extreme size of both the great white and C. megalodon guide many scientists to believe these sharks were closely related, and the name Carcharodon megalodon was applied to the latter. However, a new hypothesis proposes that the C. megalodon and the great white re distant relatives . The great white is also more closely related to an ancient mako shark, Isurus hastalis, than to the C. megalodon, a theory that seems to be supported with the discovery of a complete implant of jaws with 222 teeth and 45 vertebrae of the extinct transitional species Carcharodon hubbelli in 1988 and published on November 14, 2012. In addition, the new hypothesis assigns C. megalodon to the genus Carcharocles, which also comprises the other megatoothed sharks Otodus obliquus is the ancient congresswoman of the extinct Carcharocles lineage.

High school statistics as a basis for increased beginner learning Essay

Although non the primary focus of this study, it is important to to a lower placestand the future of elementary students by looking into current graduates predicaments. Over the last xx years, there wear been dramatic increases in proud develop promotion as well as, in graduation requirements. Most recently, states and districts, such(prenominal) as Mississippi, have begun implementing graduation and end-of-course exams (Committee for Economic Development, 2000).Some critics have noted that the rise in standards and high-stakes tests will be unfair to students who have attended poorly resourced conditions (Achieve, 2000). However, this problem has been met by offering extra help and supportive services to the students of the disadvantaged schools (2001). One of the most common support methods has been to offer disadvantaged students more time such as summer school, adding an extra year to their high school education and transition programs to ensure students can fulfill high s chool requirements (2001).Little work out has been made in developing a better curriculum and instructional support to aid in the acceleration of learning for disadvantaged high school (Balfanz, et al. , 2002). Some high schools have implemented a whole school reform by creating catch-up courses and district wide special prep courses (2002). These reforms have not been thoroughly evaluated because their infancy using small, formative studies, thus little is known about the feasibility and rapidity of student acceleration in disadvantaged high schools.This study aims at taking the first step to in understanding the elementary school learning needs and providing appropriate teaching techniques for each schools touch by reporting on the initial results and impacts of the Talent Development High Schools (TDHS) ninth tick off instructional program in reading and mathematics. The study involves some(prenominal) cities and multiple high-poverty, non-selective high schools within each c ity. Academic Models of RecognitionPiney Woods School in Piney Woods, Mississippi has programs that should be viewed as national models. Although a head-to-head school, its strategies for success are practical and successful. The predominantly African American school is known for changing the lives of low-income students by having them complete a rigid diet of reading, writing, math, scientific discipline and foreign language (Wooster, et al. 2001). While requiring students work ten hours a week in order to teach them responsibility, Piney Woods School gives students a sense of accord and tough love.The programs implemented are Writing Across the Curriculum, which trains freshman and sophomores in basic composition skills Always Reaching Upward, a peer tutoring program which pairs under achievers with high achievers and Save the Males, a tutoring, mentoring and special male focused groups that facilitate responsibility and self confidence. The results are phenomenal with a ninety five component rate of students going on to college after graduation and the other five percent going into military services.Analysis of existing achievement data in high-poverty high schools provides two conclusions. First, students who attend high-poverty high schools are typically performing below national norms and are dramatically short of the performance benchmarks employed to prize pedantic success. An analysis conducted by Education Week (1998) indicates, for example, that students entering high school in the majority of large cities are often found to be two or more years below cross level (Quality Counts 98, 1998).In Philadelphia, for instance, seventeen percent of high school students attend one of twenty-two non-selective neighborhood schools (Neild & Balfanz, 2001) and approximately half of these students are reading below the fifth or sixth soft touch level. A quarter of these students are reading at the seventh or eighth grade level. Approximately one in four st udents attending a nonselective high school in Philadelphia read at grade level.In eight of the non-selective neighborhood schools in Philadelphia, a little over two thirds of first-time ninth graders are performing below the seventh grade level in both reading and mathematics (Neild & Balfanz, 2001). One important conclusion that can be drawn from this data is that in many non-selective urban schools students need accelerated learning opportunities. A second conclusion is that the current level of academic performance in disadvantaged high schools can antecede to multiple negative consequences for students and society.It is too early to accurately gauge the impact of the high-stakes standards based graduation tests and dropout rates of students entering high school with weak academic skills (Bishop & Mane, 2000 Hauser, 2001). Existing data from metropolitan cities such as Chicago (Roderick & Camburn, 1999) and Philadelphia, however, demonstrates a link between poor academic prepar ation and course failure as well as the retention of many high-poverty students.Course failure and retention in the ninth grade has caused a high amount of high school drop outs. Forty-three percent of first-time freshmen in Philadelphia entering ninth grade with below seventh grade math and reading skills were not promoted to the tenth grade (Neild & Balfanz, 2001) in comparison to the eighteen percent of students entering ninth grade with math and reading skills above the seventh grade level.Student skills below grade level requirements result in retention, poor attendance, and course failure. First-time freshmen who were not promoted to the tenth grade had a dropout rate of nearly sixty percent when compared to a dozen percent drop out rate for students who were promoted (Neild, Stoner-Eby, & Furstenberg, 2001). The individual and social consequences of dropping out of high school are considerable. The Committee for Economic Development (2000) has documented the economic return s to advanced education.Non-promotion has become the norm in approximately two hundred-fifty to three hundred high schools, in thirty-five major cities in the fall in States (Balfanz & Legters, 2001). Sixty percent of the population in these public high schools is African American and Latino students in (2001). The United States Department of Education expresses the importance of acme graduation requirements and standards therefore it is essential to the success of future high school students, that a means of improving reading proficiency is achieved.

Now he makes all the decisions Essay

threatening Q and Steel shows the office staff Bishop believes he possess. He believes that he has them cornered. He is so convinced(p) that he wont be turned in that he shows up at Raheems funeral. He believes that the three of them should carry on with their lives as if no issue changed. He tries to force Q to hang out with him when he meets Q at his locker in school. He questions Q about why he has not been around. When Q answers that he is not worried about hanging with Bishop. Bishop explains to him that he take to be worried be display case he determines if Q and Steel lives or dies.The originator of universe able to take someones life (which he demonstrated twice with Raheem and the man in the store) had consumed him. Now he makes all the decisions. They cannot cut him hit he wont let them. It has even become a kind of game for him. They hide and avoid him, and he searches and finds them. This can be seen in Bishops smile when he explains to Q that he is crazy because he doesnt care about anything. Its funny to him that they fear him so much right away that he has a gun, but feared him so little when he did not have a gun. This is what he endlessly wanted, to be feared.He feels that as wide as he is feared he is respected. But Bishop was scathe. He over estimated his power and although Q feared him, he refused to let Bishop control his life. And when he tries to take Qs life, he fails and falls to his death. Bishop would not have gotten greedy for power and try to control everyone he may have lived. But as was stated previously, people will penalise and defend themselves, so you cannot expect to live long if you threaten to kill people. Another example of this cycle of destruction is the movie Belly directed by Hype Williams.In Belly, DMX plays the character Tommy, a gangsta turned drug dealer who will do whatever it takes to make funds. Tommy would do pretty much anything to select money. He doesnt care about his girl friend Keisha, his un derage mistress, or anything the is in the way of him making money. Tommy basically feels that the most important thing in his life is money everything else is expendable. For example, Keisha is in his life for sexual evidences. She is like an ornament. He cheats on her with an underage girl who gives him oral sex.To him they are both in his life because he has money, so he feels that as long as he has money they will stay around or simply be replaced. He dedicates none of his time or consideration to either one of the women. When Keisha goes to jail because of him, he doesnt even attempt to do something the help her let out of jail. He simply tells Sincere to explain to her what happen. He feels as though he doesnt have to do anything for her because she is not that important. She is there for his needs and nothing else. He has to power to tell her when to come, leave, shut up, and have sex with him.This is the power that money gives him. He knows this and tries to explain it to Sincere. He tells Sincere that money is the reason that they are on earth. They were put here to make money and receive all the benefits of money such as women, and power. For Tommy it is the game of life. He is to make as much money he can anyway he can, and if he does he can have to benefits of money. Because Tommy has power he insults anyone he wants too. I am sure that he never thought that the guy who he made strip in the basement would try to get revenge on him.He felt that he was too powerful to be touched and if someone tried he would reach out and touch them. He also displays this power when he manipulates the two boys and plays them against each other which leads to them killing each other. But in the end Tommy realizes that he was stupid and you need more then money in life. You need people to look out for you like Keisha and Sincere were trying to do. Tommy believed that his power would stop people from setting him up, but he was wrong because the FEDs caught up with him . In his quest for money, Tommy stops respecting mankind and only respected money and those with money.And when you disrespect people, people will do whatever they can to consider you down. In the end you will pay for the pain you cause others. But out of these examples, the movie Belly is the only one in which the cycle was not complete. After Tommy agrees to work with the police to get out of serving time, he gets religious and decides to change his life before he self-destructs. He breaks the cycle because he realizes before it is too late that money is not important. And money does not bring true respect. You have to earn respect and power. And you have to respect others.The power that comes with the fuck it attitude is very appealing because it is quick and easy to some degree. It is because it is an easy way to gain power (power through fear or money) it is addictive. It cause people to believe that they cannot be stopped and can do what ever it is that want. But this is a fa lse sense of power. This false sense of power always leads to their self-destruction. You cannot treat people with disrespect and not suffer the consequences one day or another. But the power leads them not believing there are no consequences, and therefore they are not prepared when the consequences come.